In the intricate mosaic of archaeological research, proteins provide a view into the past, offering a unique perspective on ancient cultures and practices. The burgeoning field of archaeological proteins, sometimes referred to as palaeoproteomics, has revolutionized our understanding of history by providing insights into human-animal interactions, diet, and ancient health.

Through meticulous extraction and analysis techniques, archaeologists can recover proteins from a variety of archaeological materials, including bones, teeth, textiles, and organic residues. These ancient biomolecules, often preserved over millennia in burial sites, settlements, or on ancient artifacts, unlock a trove of information about past societies and their interactions with the environment.

From the identification of dietary staples through the analysis of ancient proteins in dental calculus to the reconstruction of ancient trade networks using protein residues from vessels, the study of archaeological proteins offers a multidisciplinary approach to unraveling the complexities of human history. Furthermore, the integration of archaeological proteins with other scientific disciplines, such as isotopic analysis, DNA sequencing, and microscopy, enhances our ability to reconstruct past lifeways with unprecedented detail and accuracy. As we delve deeper into the realm of archaeological proteins, we embark on a journey through time, piecing together the fragments of the past to illuminate the rich tapestry of human experience and heritage.

Introductory literature:

• Hendy, J. Ancient protein analysis in archaeology. Sci Adv 7, (2021). 
• Wilkin, S., Miller, A. V., Boivin, N., Pedergnana, A., Shishlina, N., Trifonov, V. & Hommel, A. P. Curated cauldrons: Preserved proteins from early copper alloy vessels illuminate feasting practices in the Caucasian steppe. iScience
• Wilkin, S., Miller, A. V., Taylor, W., Miller, B. K., Hagan, R., Bleasdale, M., Scott, A., Gankhuyag, S., Ramsøe, A., Ulziibayar, S., Trachsel, C., Nanni, P., Grossmann, J., Orlando, L., Horton, M., Stockhammer, P., Myagmar, E., Boivin, N., Warinner, C. & Hendy}, J. Dairy pastoralism sustained Eastern Eurasian steppe populations for 5000 years. Nature Ecology and Evolution (2020).